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Japon Constitution1946 |
En août 1945, soit un an après la reddition sans conditions du Japon, la Diète japonaise fut appelée à se prononcer sur un projet de Constitution. Le vote, tenu le 24 août 1946, reçut l'approbation de 421 membres de la Diète contre huit. Approuvée par le général américain Douglas MacArthur et promulguée par l'empereur Hiro-Hito devant la Diète, le 3 novembre 1946, la nouvelle Constitution entra en vigueur le 3 mai 1947. Depuis cette date, elle n'a jamais subi de modification.
Étant donné que la Constitution ne contient aucune disposition sur la langue, sinon aucune concernant une quelconque minorité, seuls quelques articles concernant des droits fondamentaux ont été reproduits ici.
Article 9.
1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. 2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized. Article 11. The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the
fundamental human rights. These fundamental human rights guaranteed
to the people by this Constitution shall be conferred upon the
people of this and future generations as eternal and inviolate
rights. The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this
Constitution shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the
people, who shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and
rights and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the
public welfare. All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right
to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent
that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme
consideration in legislation and in other governmental affairs. 1) All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin. 2) Peers and peerage shall not be recognized. 3) No privilege shall accompany any award of honor, decoration or any distinction, nor shall any such award be valid beyond the lifetime of the individual who now holds or hereafter may receive it. Article 20. 1) Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all. No religious
organization shall receive any privileges from the State, nor
exercise any political authority. 2) The State and its organs shall refrain from religious education or any other religious activity. Article 23. Academic freedom is guaranteed. Article 26. 1) All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law. 2) All people shall be obligated to have all boys and
girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided
for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free. No person shall be arrested or detained without being at once
informed of the charges against him or without the immediate
privilege of counsel; nor shall he be detained without adequate
cause; and upon demand of any person such cause must be immediately
shown in open court in his presence and the presence of his counsel.
1) The local public entities shall establish assemblies as their deliberative organs, in accordance with law. 2) The chief executive officers of all local public
entities, the members of their assemblies, and such other local
officials as may be determined by law shall be elected by direct
popular vote within their several communities. Local public entities shall have the right to manage their property, affairs and administration and to enact their own regulations within law. |
Article 9 1) Aspirant sincèrement à une paix internationale fondée sur la justice et l’ordre, le peuple japonais renonce à jamais à la guerre en tant que droit souverain de la nation, ainsi qu'à la menace ou à l’usage de la force comme moyen de régler les conflits internationaux. 2) Pour atteindre le but fixé au paragraphe précédent, il ne sera jamais maintenu de forces terrestres, navales et aériennes, ou autre potentiel de guerre. Le droit de belligérance de l'État ne sera pas reconnu. Article 11 2) Ni nobles ni titres nobiliaires ne seront reconnus. Article 20 Article 23 Article 34 |
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